Few things create a cozy atmosphere like a crackling fireplace, but the aftermath—soot and ash—can quickly take the shine off your living space. And if you’re impacted by a larger fire, whether a house fire or a wildfire, the aftermath can be catastrophic. Here are some practical tips for tackling soot and ash, on a small scale or a larger one: 

What Is Soot and Ash? 

Soot is a fine, black powder created by the incomplete burning of wood and other organic materials. Ash, on the other hand, is the gray residue left after burning is complete.  Both can settle on surfaces, seep into fabrics and pose health risks if not cleaned properly. Smoke is a mixture of airborne chemicals and particles that result from combustion and can also cause significant damage to surfaces. The key is using the right methods to ensure thorough removal. 

Supplies 

• Microfiber cloths: Trap soot without spreading it 

• Vacuum with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter: Capture fine particles from carpets and upholstery 

• Disposable gloves: Protect your hands from staining and irritation 

Cleaning Guide 

Safety First  

Follow all fire department instructions for reentry after larger fires. You may also need heavy gloves, boots and a mask or respirator. Make sure any impacted utilities are off. 

Ventilate the Area 

Before cleaning, open windows and doors to allow fresh air in and help disperse lingering smoke or odors. 

Remove Loose Ash 

You can use a vacuum with a HEPA filter or sweep gently with a dustpan and broom. Avoid using a regular vacuum, as soot particles can clog filters and be redistributed into the air. 

Wipe Down Surfaces 

There are chemical sponges, or dry-cleaning sponges that can help remove dry soot. Otherwise, dampen a microfiber cloth and gently wipe down walls, mantels and hearths. A mixture of warm water and mild dish soap can help clean, although there are also cleaning products designed for soot and smoke removal. 

Treat Fabrics Carefully 

Launder curtains, cushion covers and rugs according to their care labels. A detergent with odor elimination can help remove any lingering smoke smell. 

Some fire damage can be handled with home cleaning, but not all. There are professionals that specialize in fire damage repair and cleanup so you don’t have to do it on your own.  The American Red Cross also has useful resources for when and how to clean on your own and when to bring in additional help.